MANDERA COUNTY TRIBAL & ETHNOGRAPHIC 1959 EDITION

 This is the 1959 Survey of Kenya Tribal and Ethnographic distribution in North Eastern Province towards the 1963 Independence.

DEGODIA AGGRESSION IN MANDERA

 

SUNDAY, 17TH SEP 2023

Last Night and previous days and nights, Murule community have been attacked by neighbouring Degodia communities on the border lines of Lafey and Mandera North constituencies. 

Murule Border lines are well known since colonial times and are well articulated in Kenya National archives records. Maps have been supplied and everyone is clear on the Murule borders. We are not at any time aggressors to any community and we maintain cordial relations with all communities. We respect  and live with them in peace at all times. However, we face lots of problems from other neighbouring communities.

So many times, we keep our cool and even last week, We agreed a ceasefire in Mandera with the Degodia community.

The Government of Kenya was there. RC, County Commisioner were there, MPs were there, Religious leaders were there. But it looks like they are helpless. We still have no a lasting solution. When we complained to Rhamu Police station last week about these aggression, our leaders were dismissed.

After the ceasefire, we still have seen aggression against Murule in Rhamu and Last night, Degodia militia operating around Asahabito, Malkamari, Banissa and even along Rhamu Sala Borders sent even more armed men to attack Murule settlements, this time not in Rhamu but deep in Murule Land, Bambo. We feel this is bad and ill intentioned towards our people. Murules have a right to defend themselves when attacked. 

The Government keeps reassuring us and them about our security but when our people are attacked, everyone tells you sorry and nothing much. We need the Government to fulfill it's mandate of keeping security or else watoke kwa picture. We cannot have problems day in day out.

DEGODIA AGRESSION IN MANDERA AND WAJIR COUNTIES

 RHAMU - MANDERA COUNTY  

By this time, many of you must have heard about the clashes between Degodia and Murule communities that started 2 weeks ago in Rhamu, a small town in Mandera county. The clashes are ongoing as we write. The Mandera enclave is always in the news as a border region connecting Ethiopia, Somalia and Kenya. Al Shabaab operates around the border, sometimes waylaying people and causing havoc but that is another story for another day. 

Al Shabaab is a known issue and the Government is dealing with it in so many dimensions although some communities use it as a pretext to scare other communities. 

But, there are periodic clashes. There were clashes between Degodias and Garres over land issues sometime back that led to several Kenyans as well as 'Ethiopians mercenaries' perish on both sides. It was vicious as both Degodia and Garres have their clans also on Ethiopian side. That was sometime back....but now, it is again between Degodias and Murules. 

ETHIOPIAN REFUGEES: 

The bone of contention this time also is about Land ownership. Degodias - some of them, Refugees from Ethiopia, have been crossing into Kenya for sometime, getting IDs and other documents through their Kenyan relatives and are now causing problems on the Kenyan side - they need more land. They are looking for a settlement and are poised to settle in Rhamu - a town settled by all Mandera clans but sorrounded on many sides by the Murule community Land. They are said to be specifically encroaching on Murule community Lands with the assistance of their relatives in Kenya. 2 weeks ago - obviously with the assistance of their Kenyan relatives, they burned a Murule Bulla Tawakal settlement in Rhamu Town in the hope of pushing into nearby Murule community settlements. The Murules responded immediately and did a vice versa burning a Degodia Bulla settlement thereafter. 

MURULE BORDER 

It should be noted that, Murules have a colonial border with both Garre and Degodia along Elwak - Wargadud - Rhamu - Sala Road towards Mandera. That was captured in a 1959 Colonial Survey of Kenya  tribal distribution map that is with the Government of Kenya. Further, both Wargadud and Rhamu previously had Murule chiefs. There were Murule settlement also in Elwak but no more. One, Chief Abdinoor Gessey was a Chief in Rhamu before Kenya got independence. 

MANDERA CENTRAL/MANDERA NORTH 

Historically, before 20 years ago, Degodia had only 2 MCAs  in the whole of Mandera county. 

That changed after influx of Ethiopia refugees from as far as Filtu and Ado. 15 years ago, they started land expansion in Mandera and initiated clashes with the Garre community in Mandera, so that, they are given a political seat. 

Communities sat down and it was decided that since Mandera Central was big, it could be cut into two paving way for Elwak South as well as Mandera North, with it's seat at Rhamu, to appease the Degodia. Both seats were occupied by Garre MPs at that time. 

Degodia resisted and created further tensions and years later, the MP for Mandera North became a Degodia. 

They didn't just sit pretty. They again continued expanding their influence bringing more Degodias from Ethiopia to defend the Mandera North seat against the Garre Community.... 

N.B, I don't know why NSIS is not aware of this migration to Mandera Rhamu area...it will be prudent to have advised the Interior ministry about this, so that, it doesn't cause further tensions...The Mandera Security committee knows the history. 

Having achieved a parliamentary seat, with Rhamu being the seat of the Constituency, they assumed, Rhamu is also theirs and only Degodia can settle there. Little do they know that, the First Rhamu Chief was a Murule when they were few and many of them were still in Ado, Ethiopia. 

Through their expansion plans, Degodia fought the Garres at Rhamu and Banissa areas -  trying to create further settlements within them. 

The Garres resisted and the clashes, culminated in a peace deal even after so much was lost. 

Then, we had almost a 3 year hiatus until this week, when Degodias started new clashes, in 2 areas. In Wajir with the Ajuuraan and this time, with the Murules around Rhamu, Mandera County. 

By virtue of having an MP, Mandera North and several MCAs, Degodias later cut deals to get a Deputy Governor of Mandera position to up their stakes. After getting the position during the 2022 election, they started showing a superior inclination towards Mandera Politics where, they felt they can expand their settlements into other clan's territories by all ways possible. Currently, they have started pushing into Murule Lands within Rhamu Road Border area and adjacent bullas....on the assumption to get more land to claim (electoral seats) during the an upcoming IEBC Border review. They feel, IEBC can allocate them another constituency by grabbing parts of Murule Rhamu Border. That is what is causing the recent clashes. 

MANDERA EAST: 

On the other hand, Murules have been lenient with them over time. They have never chased them from their land but went ahead granting them spaces to live in Aresa, Hareeri and Arabia.... That courtesy, has led them to believe Murules are weak and don't care about their community land. 

PEACE PLAN: 

After last week clashes, The County Commisioner on orders from RC NEP and Interior CS Professor K. Kindiki initiated a peace plan in Mandera where MPs, MCAs and elders from both communities came together and announced cessation of hostilities. The clans agreed, infront of cameras to not create further skirmishes but it looks the Degodias, were not serious. Their leaders always speak good in Camera but incite their communities at night. 

The Government was again taken by suprise when after that meeting, Degodia breached the ceasefire, struck again, descended and destroyed further Murule Rhamu settlements. The Murules have not responded but will, I believe, waiting for the Government of Kenya, who were (the Guarantors of peace between them) to act or be seen Powerless. 

Degodia leaders(MPs,MCAs, Businessmen) will be seen on TV preaching peace which they have through incitement, breached it...they will pretend to be asking for Peace, but just showing their mischevious behaviours. That will not be tolerated by us.  

Either the Government of Kenya acts or leave us deal with these Degodia Ethiopia gangs ....The Government knows Degodia causing Problems everywhere from time immemorial and does nothing. Degodia either, do not learn anything after the Wagalla massacre in Wajir County - where they were rounded up because of their aggression on Ajuraan in 1983-1984 era or do not fear the GOK anymore. 

We, Murules will not want Peace if everybody doesn't want Peace. Waswahili husema...Amani haiji ila kwa Upanga.... 

We also don't want another Wagalla Massacre happening in Mandera county. Let the Government handle the situation and confine Degodia to their settlement far from Murule areas. 

We need to act fast.

NORTHERN KENYA IN DROUGHT CRISIS : MANDERA COUNTY

 Mandera County Satelitte towns face a water crisis

The town’s borehole broke down for the seventh time in seven years.

In Summary:

Adan Bashow, who is an elder of Kheira Ali town, said the town he called home for twenty-six years is now a vale of tears and now considering relocation.

Leaders from North Eastern Kenya called on President William Ruto to declare the drought a national disaster.

Residents of Kheira Ali and Bambo towns in Waranqara Ward, Mandera County, face starvation as the dam dries up.

The town’s borehole broke down for the seventh time in seven years with just an engine problem, as residents lament neglect from the county government.

This comes after leaders from North Eastern Kenya called on President William Ruto to declare the drought a national disaster.

Lafey Constituency MP Mohamed Abdi who was elected on a Jubilee ticket and promised better living standards on his campaign pledges, with insecurity toppling the main nightmare for the first time legislature, now is on an uphill task to quench the thirst of his electorates.

KENYA & ETHIOPIA

 Dadkeena waa inay horay usocdaan Inshallah.

KENYA 🇰🇪 iyo DOWLAD DEEGANKA SOOMALIDA ETHIOPIA 🇪🇹 iyo SOMALIA 🇸🇴 

THE NEW MURULE TEAM IN KENYA NATIONAL ASSEMBLY AS WELL AS COUNTY GOVERNMENT - MANDERA, KENYA

 Congratulations to Our New Waheshimiwas.....    Mashallah

Mandera Town MP Hon. Hussein Abdirahman - Weytaan

Lafey MP Hon. Mohamed Abdikheir

Libehiya MCA - Hon. Mohamed Abdirahman

Arabia MCA Hon. Daud Sheikh Ali

Lafey MCA - Hon. Wiriq

Fino MCA 

Alungu MCA 

Waranqara MCA - Hon. Wariri

MURULE COMMUNITY GRABS 3 LEGISLATIVE SEATS IN SOMALI REGION ELECTIONS - ETHIOPIA

MURULE ETHIOPIA

Masha Allah. 3 Legislative seats taken by Murule Ethiopia 🇪🇹 in Mayu Muluqo - Gobolka Erer in the ongoing elections in Somali Region - Kilinka Shanaad. We expect more seats coming up in the following areas

Mustaxiil, Baabili, Qubi, Mieyso Inshallah

KOROMEEY IS A MURULE COMMUNITY LAND. LET ALL AND SUNDRY UNDERSTAND THAT.

 

There is a lot of confusion as to the owners of Koromeey - A small settlement in Mandera East in Mandera County. Let the Ministry of Interior, The Regional Commisioner and The Mandera County Commisioner know that, This Land is for Murule Community and before it degenerates into something bigger, They should find a solution.

CHRONOLOGY OF MANDERA COUNTY IN THE NORTHERN FRONTIER SET UP: MURULE HISTORY

For Those who are interested in the History of Northern Frontier District and specifically Mandera County Since 1883, You can send an email: dalahow@gmail.com 

Other Parts of the History Can be found with the Kenya Bureau of Statistics which controls the Kenya National Archives and other Documents.

Some of the Information have a Chronology of events also correlated with the above as below:

 

MANDERA COUNTY : MURULE - GARRE CLAN BORDER DEMARCATIONS : FOR CLARIFICATIONS

 

The Demarcations in Red shows the Border Line of the Two Communities. It Start in ELWAK POLICE STATION in Mandera Central Constituency through the B9 Road Connecting Elwak- Wargadud- Rhamu- Mandera Town (Mandera East Constituency).

Garre and Murule in Mandera County- Kenya are the two neighbouring communities that have lived together since time immemorial. We had several times co-operated on important issues in Mandera County including Politics, Peace and Security but that is not to say, we had no difficulties between ourselves. 

You hear so much about the Garre -Murule Conflict in Mandera? The Borne of Contention between these communities is simply LAND.

Garre have a bigger chunk of Land in Mandera County than the Murule Community but keep trespassing on Murule Community Land from time to time thereby causing anxiety, Unneccesary Conflicts and enemity between themselves. Issues which can be resolved easily but sometimes go out of hand. Several Clashes since the Colonial times between these communities have been recorded. 

During the Colki Caalim OF 1916,  in the Colonial times and in 1929, 1982 we had several clashes against each other that were clearly unneccesary. Many lives were lost and at times, our people, from both communities suffered badly.  Recent Conflicts between these communities happened in 2004, 2008, 2014 and lately as in 2020-2021 which culminated in the National Government sending the National Cohesion and Integration Commission NCIC Plus a host of Muslim Leaders led by Sheikh Umul - in what is now known as THE UMUL ACCORD to be signed between the Two Communities.

Murule Community previously were settled in Elwak Town as well as Wargadud but due to Pressure from the Garre Community,  they were forced out of the town.  They moved to LAFEY CONSTITUENCY and now Garre wants to move to LAFEY areas of Alungu, Yetho, Wanteey and Qurqura. The Border Line between the two communities is ELWAK POLICE STATION since Colonial Times through the B9 Road to Rhamu. 

The Garre community encroachment on to areas of Yetho, Wanteey, Qurquraa, Iresuku and Sogley not forgetting Sukela Tinfu and Jabibaar all on Murule Clan Community Land has been described as part of the problem in the UMUL ACCORD. 

MURULE WEEYTAAN JIDLE XAQOODA HALAGA SOO SAARO GOBOLAHA AY DEGENYIHIIN

Goobta waa Gobolka Erer, Fiiq iyo Sitti

Tolkeena Murule Weeytaan iyo Dulmi Lugu Haaya mise ayaga isku haaya (Gobolka Erer)

(Laanta Ugu Weeyn oo Murule Weeytaan udegan meesha waa Waceeys cabdi Yabarsen. Murule Fara badan kalena weey degenyihiin intaaso meelood. 

Waxaad ku dulmantihiin degmadiina, fiiq, qubi iyo lagahida.

Waxaad ku dulmantihiin heer gobol iyo heer deegaan labadaba.

Idinka iyo dulmigana waan idin kala kari la ahay oo idinka ayaaba in la idin dulmiyo u jajaban oon marna diideyn. Cajiib!!!.

Waxaad Ceeb moodaa ka hadalka xaqaaqa. Halka umaduhu ku fanayan qabiilkoda oo maalinkasta waxa dhagahaga ku dhaca (Ogadenia).

Waxaad ku dulmantihiin degmadiina oo reer 3 tuulo degan ayaa idin ka qaatay 6 xafiis, halka kuwo degan 2 duulo ey idin ka qaateen 4 xafiis. Cajiib!!!

Waad dulmantihiin oo idinka oo fiiq ka degan 4 tuulo ayaa la idin siiyay hal xafiis, walibana ah xafiiska oogu liita xafiisyasa ee sportiga.

Waad dulmantihiin oo idinka oo qubi degan 4 tuulo ayaa ka idinka siiyay hal xafiis oo ah xafiiska oogu liita xafiisyada hormarinta. Cajiib!!

Waad dulmantihiin oo idinka oo lagahida ka degan 6 tuulo oo waaweyn ayaa la idinka siiyay 2 xafiis oon samayn lahayn.

Waad dulmantihiin oo idinka oo gobolka Erer ka degan 4 Degmo ayaa la idinka Siiyay hal xafiis oo ah arimaha xisbiga, halka ay xaq ahayd inaad heshaan labo xubnood oo midi yahay guduumiye ku xigeenka gobolka.

Waad dulmantihiin oo idinkoo kililka shanaad ka degan 7 degmo ayaydaan hal wasiir la idin siin, halka ah xaq tahay inaad heshaan wasiir hor marin ahna gudi fulin. halkaasna waxa ka dhalatay inaydan samayn ku yeelan Gobolkina iyo in wax kasta la idinku Dulmo. War tashada oo shir isoogu yimada oo ka hadla dulmiga iyo gacan bixideynta la idinku hayo.

Waad dulmantihiin oo idinkoo saas la idiin dulmay ayaa degmadinii laga soo qaadey 300 oo wiil si Birqod loo geeyo ka dibnah dagaalka Tigree ooga qayb galaan. Halkaasna ku soo dhamaadaan hal midna idinku soo noqon, hada la soco sadexda boqol ee wiil waa wada hal reer?? Aawey kuwii 6-da xafiis la siiyay ee lahaa waan daganahay meesha ee iyo kuwii afarta xafiis la siiyay. Cajiib.

Odeyaashiina, Guduumiyaha Degmada, hogaanka iyo wax garadkiina oo idil waxay garan waayeen waxa ay garteen Guduumiye ku xigeenka  iyo madaxa arimaha xisbigu, kaasi oo ah inay wiilashii kaga jirey Ciidanka ka saareen Ciidanka, kana bexeen hub wixii ey qaadi kareena la tageen saasna ay kaga hadheen dhimashada iyo halaga Ciidanka loo soo qaaday, halka idinku xataa waayeelkii aad soo qaadeen oo caawa Birqod ku xaraysanyihiin. Cajiib!!!.

War damiir yeesha oo dadkiina garta dantinana garta

Waad dulmantihiin oo ma jirto hal degmo oo ka tirsan gobolka Erer taasi oo laga qaaday 100 wiil halka idinka kaligiin aad dirteen 300 oo wiil.

Maxaad ku doorsateen 300 oo wiil ?? oon ahayn mushar 5,000 ah.

Maxaad ku badalateen car bal ii sheega?? 

Sidan hala isu dhamo......

Dhalishu odeyal, maamul, wax garad, dhalinyaro dhamantiin wey idin heysataa ee kaca oo madaxa kor u qaada, toga Erereed labadiisa dhanba idinka ayaa leh ee bal dhankasta eega oo daya..!!!

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.....    ....... Hormar gaadhi meysaan ilaa aad dhamaantiin fagaarayasha kaga hadashiin danta reerkina iyo dulmiga idin ku heysa gobolka madaw.

wax kale hadii Adan qaban karin faintan gadhsi qof kasta oo dadkaaga ah oo wax  akhriya..

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#Murule

#MuruleWeeytaan

#WeytaanDDS

#DDSErer

#ErerTV

#HawiyeDDS 

KURSIGA BEESHA JIDLE : HIIRAAN STATE OF SOMALIA

 

                              

BEESHA MURULE WEEYTAN JIDLE : DOOWLAD DEEGAANKA SOOMALIDA ETHIOPIA

        

                              Sawiradii xaflada ugaaska beesha Murule weyteen ee Somali Galbeed

MURULE ELDERS CONDEMN HARESUKU MASSACRE BY THE GARRE COMMUNITY : GIVE A WARNING

Press Conferenece haisaidii - kitu chochote, Yesterday you were saying Nabad ayaa Naas lanuuga leh. 

IS UMUL ACCORD 1 & 2 JUST EMPTY TALK?

As Murule, we tried our best for UMUL ACCORD 1 and Now UMUL ACCORD 2 lakini tunaona watu hawaitaki.....So, Let GoK understand that. The GoK was our  Guarantor but it seems imeshindwa na kazi yake.

This should be respected or is it an empty talk. The Government of Kenya has to respect the agreements and put things to order. It may go out of hand. 

                       

Read and Watch UMUL ACCORD here https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X2VyZmfQuB4&t=3s 

GARRE SHABAAB MILITIA RUNNING HAVOC IN MANDERA : CAN SOMEONE STOP THIS

It was just yesterday when Murule Elders were talking peace after a Murule Herdsman was killed by the Garre Militia operating in Kenya and that has connection to Southern Ethiopia. Can someone please do something before it gets out of hand.

We have listened to elders and Peacemakers like the UMUL ACCORD and the Murule Community is obeying the neigbourliness but the Garre Community is becoming a nuisance. If the Government of Kenya is not going to punish the Garre Community, They will have the consequences that arises thereafter.

 

GARRE -AL SHABBAB MILITIA SHOULD BE STOPPED

 Garre attacks #MuruleKenya again.

This is today morning at Qurqura and Wanteey. Since President Uhuru talked about some clans causing clashes in Mandera and pretending it was AlShabaab, The Garre Militia, that is causing problems in Mandera County has done it. This time saying, it was KDF that did this. 

They are trying to prove they were not the ones causing problems in Mandera County.

We need to Confirm from Kenya Defence Forces if at all they knew anything about Killing of Nomads and civilians between Elwak and Lafey. The Border of Murule and Garre has well been established since Colonial period as being Elwak Police Stations. This can be adduced from all Government records and Garres have contionously been trespassing along Murule Community.

Regional Commissioner Ndalanu has constantly reminded Garre and Murule to live in peace even after signing of the latest Umul Accord in Mandera overseen by Mandera County Commissioner. Garre Community have always not seen UMUL ACCORDS as obligatory to them and hence causing clashes. They castigate any peace agreements.

Some 11 Murule people have either been killed or injured by Garre Militaimen in Mandera County and over the past year,  the Government of Kenya through Elders and Sultans were carrying out Peace sensitization in Mandera County.

RC Ndalana met elders from the two clans on Saturday and warned that the killings will not be accepted. He said the government will not sit back and watch people being butchered.

The Garre clan militias have been blamed for killings and terrorising innocent civilians and claiming it was AlShabaab. They are also behind the theft of livestock from Murule and Degodias eversince time immemorial.

Garre have been known to fight with all tribes. They fought with Boranas, They fought with Ajuraan as well as Degodia and Marehan. They think they are unstoppable. 

We urge the GoK to discipline Garre for going against the #UmulAccord1&2

In 1999, Former North Eastern Provincial Commisioner, Amb Mohamed  Saleh did his best to solve the GARRE -AJURAAN Clashes started by the Garre Community when they wanted to steal Ajuuraan Livestock as well as land.

MURULE AND DEGODIA MAY FORM A 'COALITION' OF INTEREST TO TAKE OVER MANDERA GOVERNOR AND OTHER SEATS

 As per Official Estimates, Mandera County has a population of 1.1 million people, mainly ethnic Somalis categorised into four clan groupings. These are the Garre, the Murulle and the Degodia clans, as well as the “Corner Tribes,” a grouping of the smaller clans. After Somalia’s collapse in 1991, a sizable population of the Marehan clan from Somalia also arrived in Mandera and has been seeking protections and resettlement. Many clans like Murules have intermarried with Marehan and therefore are part and parcel of Mandera County.

For ages, elders in Mandera have largely been the ones making political decisions on behalf of the people and determining who vies for crucial positions during elections. But this is bound to change as youths in the county now seek to bring a different narrative by supporting their own in the next General Elections.

In a bid to change the political landscape, a group of young people drawn from different clans and sub-clans residing within and without Mandera County are fronting and spearheading new plans for Mandera Gubernatorial seat in 2022.

The Garre clan, being the majority in Mandera county in terms of clan affiliations, are normally left to take the gubernatorial seat against the other three clans. The Garre Community is viewed differently as not pure somalis and this always plays out in Mandera. 

But that is coming to an end if we follow the startegies being deployed towards 2022.

Two of the clans, Murule and Degodia along with 'other somalis' are planning to overthrow Garre dominance in Mandera County Government and installing one of them. They are also planning to share seats with other clans to destroy the 'dominance' of Garres in the County Government.

Those Eyeing the Gubernatorial Seat come from Murule Clan as well as Degodia and their combined votes including other somalis will trounce the Garre votes in Mandera County.

Turn the tide

In an exclusive interview with the Clans representatives and Youth of The said Mandera clans, they say time is ripe for the tide to be turned against the norm in Mandera county. They accuse Garre of completely disregarding appointment of County Administration and misappropriation of County Resources.

Mandera County gets Ksh 10,000,000,000 (Ten Billion) approx $100 Million Each year and no tangible Infrastructure has been built for the past 7 years. infact, it is rumoured that County Administrators have created many Millionaires within a short time.

The Clans youthful movement has since formed a secretariat in every clan and have already informed most of their elders about the intention of the near future. The Elections of Kenya are slated in 2022. The Youth, aim to involve their Elders to now plan several conference aimed at discussing how to  ensure their impact is felt.

They are planning to sit and discuss on these issues as we progress to 2022. 

The clans says the Garre County administartion and their political elites and elders in the county have always overlooked them in spite of their numerical strength in terms of votes.

According to clans, they can easily trounce and get the Gubernatorial seat while reserving the Senate to the Garre Community. They can share other spoils of the election between other clans. 

Already The Garre Council of Elders have plans to back for governorship between Senator Mohamed Maalim Mohamud, County Assembly Speaker Mohamed Khalif, Mr Feisal Abdirahman, Mr Yussuf Mohamed Issack alias Yusuf Rafiki and Education CAS Hassan Noor Hassan.

“The competition is open and anyone is free to declare his candidature. We shall only declare what shall be brought to us from the sub-clan level,” said Mr Yussuf Alinur, the chairman of the Garre elders' council.

One Aspirant from the Degodia Community recently told us, The Garre Chairman, doesn't even mention the Competition other clans in Mandera can pose to their Gubernatorial plans. That is like giving themselves the seat. 

GARRE - MURULE CONFLICT : ELWAK POLICE POST BORDERS

ELWAK - LAFEY AREA ISSUES : Border Demarcation at Elwak Police Station. 

This week a lot has happened in Lafey and Elwak subcounties in Mandera County and the government of Kenya, i think must be aware of, has not said anything. It is a high time, they sought these issues.

The Garre Community has been assaulting Murule Community from time immemorial and the repercussions are dire. One instances is the Elgolicha Massacre which Murule Community carried out an attack to stop Garre's Assault in Elwak Area where 25 Garre people were massacred in 2005 and 1,500 families flee from that area.  It was a headline news. 

Police later said the incident appeared to have been a revenge attack by MURULE clan against GARRE for an earlier raid.

This week, However, The same is happening. Murule herdsmen and women in around Garre-Murule Border at the Elwak - Wargadud Road, in one instances raping a Murule Girl tending to her animals near Haresuku along the Elwak Wargadud Road, this week.

This happened after Garre Community, with it's Militia that also works with Terrorists in Alungu, Lafey and Arabia Wards and near Elwak Border has beaten another Murule Herdsman, an old man trying to find his stolen camel, which are said to be inside Garre Territory.

Garres have a history of stealing Camels. The Video below is Camels stolen from Degodia Community in 1964.

Again This week, another man, a servant of Murule Community, tending to some animals was almost killed by the Garre Community and still managed to escape.

All these is done and the Murule Community is still pursuing Peace. The Government of Kenya talks about Peace when Murule acts but does nothing when Garre are asaaulting Murule. Our Murule Elders keeps talking about Peace when there are Garre Refugees from Elwak Somalia who have settled in Yetho, Wanteey, Qurqura, Elgolicha and Haresuku Areas -all of which are Murule Grazing lands. 

We urge the Government of Kenya to deal with these Garre Militia that also acts as ALSHABAAB proxies within Mandera County or we deal with them once and for all. They made sure that Elwak-Lafey-Mandera unpassable because of their terrorist activities.

We can deal with them but let us get an assurance there will no interference from the Government of Kenya.

MURULE - GARRE CONFLICT : PEACE OR WAR

Mandera County, Since 2004, when it was a district to the present day has experienced serious setback following clashes pitting the two largest clans in the district, the Garre and Murule. The two clans have had a long history of periodic struggles over grazing land, dating back to the 1916- 20s, 80's and more recent but also have had extended periods of peace between them.  Prior to the 2004 violence, no serious armed clashes had occurred between the two clans since 1983. 

Read the Previous 2005 UMUL Accord here https://muruleonline.blogspot.com/2021/05/umul-accord-2021.html

The 2004 clashes began with pastoral clashes over disputed pasture at Jabibar, resulting in one death. The death triggered a revenge killing, a clear warning sign that xeer (Somalia Clan System) between the two clans was in danger of breaking down. The spiral of revenge killing culminated with Garres asaaulting Murules in several points along Elwak -Wargadud Road and the the Murules responded by killing of a prominent Garre NGO worker near EI Wak in December 2004. Then, The Garre, responded with armed attacks that ushered in a period ofwider conflict. From January to March 2005, multiple attacks were responsible for 50 deaths and 30,000 displaced persons in the district. The conflict reached it apex on March16,2005, when a Murule raided a Garre village of EI Golicha that resulted in a massacre of22 people, of whom 16 were children. The massacre triggered widespread outrage in the Kenyan media and international press, prompting direct Kenyan government response.

Read UMUL ACCORD 2021 here https://muruleonline.blogspot.com/2021/05/umul-accord-2021.html

The two clans were convened in peace talks which were eventually mediated by a group of eminent Muslim leaders from the Supreme Council of Kenya Muslims (SUPKEM). Under considerable national pressure, the two clans reached an UMUL accord which enshrined open access to pasture throughout the district. But aid agencies on the ground reported that ethnic cleansing at the location level continues, and IDP return to home areas, including Mandera town, has been slow. The  lack of hostilities may not constitute anenduring peace. While a return to armed conflict is not viewed as inevitable, it remains adangerous possibility.

Read KENYA -SOMALIA Full Report Here : https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNADT520.pdf

CONFLICT DRIVERS:

A number of underlying conflict drivers have been at play in Mandera. Chronic tensions over access to grazing land and wells have unquestionably been a rootcause of the communal violence. Land pressures in the arid region have always been high. 

A combination of factors - 

Increased population, the displacement of Garre and Murule from Wajir-West and Isiolo back into Mandera, an increase in poorly placed boreholes, and the misuse of locations as zones of exclusive grazing land have allcontributed to growing anxiety among and pressure on pastoralists.

Political competition over constituencies and locations have been a more direct conflict driver.

 Following clan clashes in the early 1980s, in 1988 a new constituency, Mandera-Central, was carved out of Mandera-East to provide a seat in parliament for the Garres. Prior to that time, the two constituencies in Mandera were routinely held by thenumerically dominant Murule. As in Wajir, it was thought that a separate constituency in a mainly Garre zone would serve as a conflict prevention device, by eliminating politicalcompetition between the Garre and Murille. Instead, it accelerated it.

 As elsewhere in theregion, MPs wielded authority to pressure the government to expand the number oflocations in their constituency as a means of rewarding clients and expanding government services - schools, boreholes, stipends to chiefs - all part ofpolitical patronage in Kenya.

But because the "base" of each MP is his clan or sub-clan, rewards of location chieftainships went exclusively to the clan of the MP. And because control of locations was used to make exclusionist claims on land within the location borders, the net result was widespread ethnic cleansing in the three constituencies of Mandera.43Conflict wasmost acute in locations where valuable, previously shared grazing area was situated. 

In the Garre-Murille clashes, competition within the Garre political elite appearsto have played an especially destructive and complex role. In 2002, both the Mandera-East and Mandera-Central constituencies were won by Garre from the Qoranyo sub-clan,one of two main Garre sub-clans the other being the Tuuf). The Tuuf had previously enjoyed prominence in the political realm and both the sub-clan and its ousted MP, Aden Nur Mohamed, were unhappy with the outcome. 

Some local observers contend thatAden Nur and his Tuuf supporters sought an alliance with Murille and, in an attempt to demonstrate that the Qoranyo leaders could not rule, provoked security incidents and tensions between the two clans. Adan Nur's successor, MP Billow Kero, filed a statement with the CID accusing Aden Nur of inciting violence, and Aden Nur was summoned and questioned by the police. Nur in turn accuses Kero of using Garre militia to intimidate rivals. If either or both of the charges are true, it would mirror patterns in a number ofother troubled border regions of Kenya, where MPs and their political rivals arefrequently accused of fomenting ethnic violence.

As with the Garre-Ajuraan clashes in Wajir-North, the fact that Mandera district clans can call on militia firepower from neighboring Ethiopia, where kinsmen are either in the Ethiopia military or operate as para-military forces in the border areas, exacerbates the conflict.The Garre-Murille conflict was also entangled in and driven by the Garre-Marehan conflict. The Murille of Mandera district have had a long-running relationship with the Marehan sub-clans in the border area, especially the Ali Dheere sub-clan. A series of killings since 2000, and a longer history of rivalry over trade between the Ali Dheere and the Garre, led to deteriorating relations between the two groups. When armed clashes between the Marehan and Garre broke out over El Wak, the Garre suspected Murille complicity with the Marehan, increasing mistrust between the two.

Read KENYA -SOMALIA Full Report Here : https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNADT520.pdf

Prospects for Peace. 

The fact that the recently-brokered peace accord was reached underconsiderable external pressure and without adequate follow-up to insure implementation is worrisome. Most of the underlying factors driving the conflict - political manipulation of ethnic grievances by politicians, abuse of locations to pursue ethnic cleansing, andever-worsening pressures on pastoral households - are still in place. On the other hand, a number of factors could work in favor of consolidating the fragile peace. The impressive growth of civic peace groups in Mandera is helping build lines of communication and their watch-dog role may reduce the space political figures have to manipulate clantensions. Business interests in Mandera-town depend on cross-border trade, which has been interrupted by fighting, and could be convinced to support peace rather than fund their clan militias. Finally, the fact that the peace accord was mediated by national Muslim leaders may create a stronger taboo against violating the peace.

Read KENYA -SOMALIA Full Report Here : https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNADT520.pdf